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Al Qaeda - Al Qaeda means 'The Base', and refers to the training camps in Afghanistan where young Muslim men had been training as part of the Mujahideen forces - they are a militant Sunni Islamic extremist network.
Atrocities - an extremely wicked or cruel act, typically one involving physical violence, injury or death.
Ayatollah - a high-ranking religious leader among Shiite Muslims, especially in Iran.
Binary - something having two parts.
Blockade - sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.
Combatants - a person or nation engaged in fighting during a war.
Conflict - a serious disagreement or argument.
Dehumanise - to take away someone’s human qualities
Demonic - an evil spirit.
Disentangle - free (something or someone) from something that they are entangled with
Ethnic cleansing - the mass killing of members of one ethnic or religious group in an area by those of another.
Ethno-linguistic division - the relationship between language and culture, and the way different ethnic groups perceive the world.
Exclusivist - the practice of being exclusive, or completely separate from everything else.
Genocide - internationally recognised crime where the intent is to destroy, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
Heretic - a person holding an opinion that is not generally accepted.
Infidel - a person who has no religion or whose religion is not that of the majority.
Intangible - unable to be touched; not having physical presence.
Irrational - not logical or reasonable.
ISIS - ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), also known as ISIL (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), is a Sunni jihadist group with a particularly violent ideology that calls itself a caliphate and claims religious authority over all Muslims.
Kamikaze pilots - a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target.
Martyrdom operations - a heroic death in the name of your faith.
Negotiate - to discuss something rationally.
Pope - head of the Roman Catholic Church.
Prejudice - preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.
Reconcile - restore friendly relations between two or more groups.
Satanic - connected with satanism, or the devil - often referred to as evil.
Shi’a minorities - the second-largest branch of Islam - Shi'a make up a majority of Muslims in Iran, but represent a minority of Muslims worldwide.
Social institutions - system of social roles and social norms
Strategic - long-term or overall aims and interests and the means of achieving them.
Territorial - the ownership of an area of land or sea.
Theological - the study of the nature of God and religious belief.
Totalising - treating something as having one character.
Unpredictable - not able to be predicted, or being very changeable.
Utopian - an idealistic state in which everything is perfect.
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Tribe - a social division in a traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognised leader.
Legitimate - conforming to the law or to rules.
Illegitimate - not in accordance with accepted standards or rules.
Institutionally - normal within the culture of an institution.
Veneration - hero worship.
Trans-historical - crossing time boundaries; so, ongoing throughout history. This enables us to link different events throughout history to one another.
Harassing - subjecting someone to aggressive pressure or intimidation.
Mortality salience - the awareness by individuals that their death is inevitable.
Synagogue - the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction.
Imam - the person who leads prayers in a mosque.
Congregation - a group of people assembled for religious worship.
Exceptionalism - the perception or belief that a species, country, society, institution, movement, individual, or time period is "exceptional" or superior.
Sacred - connected with God or a god or dedicated to a religious purpose.
Babri mosque - a focus of dispute between the Hindu and Muslim communities since the 18th century.
Samuel Huntington - best known for his 1993 theory, the "Clash of Civilizations", Huntington was an American political scientist, adviser, and academic.
Clash of Civilizations - the idea that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post–Cold War world.
Sectarian - to do with sects, or smaller groups within a larger group or organisation.
Protestants - a member or follower of any of the Western Christian Churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church.
Catholics - means “universal” - a person who belongs to the universal Christian church.
Sunni - the larger of the two main branches of Islam.
Shia - one of the two branches of Islam
Shiite - part of the Shia branch of Islam.
Caliphate - the reign of a chief Muslim ruler.
Holy texts - a religious text, also called sacred scriptures
Gita / Vedas / Ramayana - Hinduism
Tripitaka - Buddhism
Guru Granth Sahib - Sikhism
Bible - Christianity
Quran - Islam
Torah - Judaism
Fundamental - of central importance
Redemption - being saved from sin, error, or evil.
Principles - the foundation for a system of belief or behaviour
‘Mahoket’ concept - a traditional form of conflict resolution within Judaism, in which there is mutual respect.
Tainted - to contaminate or pollute.
Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu - was a South African Anglican bishop and theologian, known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist. He was awarded the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in resolving and ending apartheid.
Arpatheid - a system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race in South Africa.
Ecumenical Youth Council of Europe - EYCE is a strong network of young Christians from all over Europe who seek unity between Christians and are engaged in the work for justice, peace & the integrity of creation.
Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organisations - a network acting as a voice for Muslim youth across Europe through campaign, networking, representation and training activities.
Interfaith dialogue - positive and cooperative interaction between people of different religions, faiths or spiritual beliefs, with the aim of promoting understanding between different religions to increase acceptance and tolerance.
Balkan region - comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia
Pacifist - a person who believes that war and violence are unjustifiable.
Quakers - a Christian movement founded by George Fox c. 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles.
Meditation - to engage in periods of quiet reflection.
Rituals - a religious ceremony.
Kashmir - Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.
Contemplation - looking thoughtfully at something for a long time.
Liberian civil war - The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997. The conflict killed around 200,000 people and eventually led to the involvement of the Economic Community of West African States and of the United Nations.
The Second Liberian Civil War - a war between political groups within Liberia between 1999 and 2003. The conflict killed over 50,000 and resulted in the removal of the President, Charles Taylor.
Women in peace building network - is a project of the Women's International League of Peace and Freedom, seeking to increase the number of women practitioners in peacebuilding as trainers, researchers, mediators and advocates.
President Charles Taylor - Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor is a former Liberian politician and convicted warlord who served as the 22nd President of Liberia from 1997 until his resignation in 2003, as a result of the Second Liberian Civil War and growing international pressure.
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Economic inequality - the unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
Ethnic division - characteristics of a human group, having racial, religious, linguistic, and certain other traits in common.
Political injustice - the violation of individual liberties, such as the denial of voting rights or the inadequate protection from cruel and unusual punishment.
Legitimate - conforming to the law or to rules.
Human endeavours - one in which humans strive to achieve something of significance.
Ideology - a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
Totalitarian - a system of government that is dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state.
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Context - an idea in terms which it can be fully understood.
Retribution - punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act.
Conquest - the control of a place or people by military force.
Citizenship - belonging to a certain country.
Tenants - a person who occupies land or property rented from a landlord.
Famine - extreme lack of food.
Ambiguous - open to more than one interpretation, or not having one obvious meaning.
Institutional resources - include your work time and the work time of your colleagues and staff, your work email, and everything your institution owns, rents, leases or trials.
Proxy - the authority to represent someone else, especially in voting.
Mobilise - to make something movable or capable of movement.
Grievances - a real or imagined cause for complaint, especially unfair treatment.
Deviant - departing from usual or accepted standards, especially in social or sexual behaviour.
Archivist - a person who maintains and is in charge of archives (historical documents or records providing information about a place, institution, or group of people).
Nuance - a subtle difference in meaning or expression.
