Power relations - interpersonal interaction where behaviour is not necessarily reciprocal.
Destabilise - to make unstable
Banal nationalism - refers to the everyday representations of the nation which build a shared sense of national belonging amongst humans, a sense of tribalism through national identity. The term is derived from English academic, Michael Billig.
Quintessential - representing the most perfect or typical example of something.
British empire - all the places around the world that were once ruled by Britain.
Problematise - to consider or treat as a problem.
Fluid - flows easily.
Social construct - an idea that has been created and accepted by the people in a society.
Britishness - the state or quality of being British - characteristics that define British people (fish and chips, drinking tea, stiff upper lip, going to the pub etc).
National identity - a sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language.
Stuart Hall - a Jamaican-born British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist.
Colonialism - the act of one country settling another place, in order to become the new rulers of the new country.
Democratic - believing in or practising the idea that people are socially equal.
Mainstream media - traditional forms such as newspapers, television, and radio rather than the internet.
Conformity - behaving in line with standards, rules, or laws.
Femininity - qualities or attributes regarded as characteristic of women.
Scare quotes - are used when writers want to distance themselves from the words they use.
Marginalisation - treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or not mattering.
Stereotype - an oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Unmarked identity - unmarked identities are taken for granted - therefore are not noticed, such as “whiteness” in society, which is constructed as the norm.
Deviation - moving away from the norm.
Implications - the conclusion that can be drawn from something
Symbolic - to characterise something.
Annihilation - complete destruction of something.
Trivialisation - the act of making something seem less important.
Omission - a person or thing that has been left out or excluded.
Male gaze - representing women and the world, in the visual arts and literature, from a masculine, cisgendered, heterosexual perspective
Objectified - to degrade something or someone to make them seem like an object.
Gender inequality - when one gender is treated differently or worse than another.
Progressive - happening or developing gradually or in stages.
Idealised - to imagine something or someone as perfect.
Paradox - something that seems contradictory as it holds when opposing ideas as equally true.
Body positive movement - a social movement focused on the acceptance of all bodies.
Scholars - a specialist in a particular branch of study
Body neutral - neither loving nor hating your body.
Social justice movements- based on the concepts of human rights and equality.
LGBTQQIP2SAA - stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, pansexual, two-spirit, asexual, and ally.
Agenda - a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting.
Media visibility - the amount of attention something receives from the media.
Double edged sword - can have both favourable and unfavourable consequences.
Trans/transgender people - have a gender identity that differs from the sex that they were assigned at birth.
Gatekeeper - a person who controls access to something.
Black Lives Matter - a social movement that seeks to highlight racism, discrimination, and inequality experienced by black people.
Centrality - being at the centre or of great importance.
Systemically - relating to or affecting the whole of a system, organisation, etc. rather than just some parts of it
George Floyd - an African-American man who was murdered by a police officer in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during an arrest - it sparked a global outcry that led to heightened awareness of the Black Lives Matter movement.
Survelliance - close observation of someone or something.
Activists - a person who campaigns to bring about political or social change.
Thugs - a violent person, especially a criminal.
Deviance - diverging from usual or accepted standards - particularly social or sexual behaviour.
#MeToo - a movement calling attention to the fact that women and girls experience sexual assault and harassment.
Pervasive - something that has a tendency to spread.
Harassment - aggressive pressure or intimidation.
Solidarity - unity amongst people.
Spectacle - something that has a huge impact.
Radical - complete political or social change.
Public sphere - an area in social life where individuals can come together to freely discuss and identify societal problems
Consumers - a person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Commercialisation - managing or running something for financial gain.
Soundbites - short, succinct statements which stand alone and encapsulate a thought, idea or message.
Deliberation - long and careful consideration or discussion.
Detrimental - Something said or done that causes harm.
News gathering - the activity of researching news items for broadcast or publication.
Citizen journalism - ordinary people without special training who records or writes about news stories, for example on the internet
Democratisation - the action of making something accessible to everyone.
Hierarchies - a system of organising people into different ranks or levels of importance.
Media ownership - media outlets and platforms that are owned, or controlled, by individuals.
Proliferation - rapid increase in the number or amount of something.
Plurality - allowing for the fullest range of voices to be heard.
Regulation - a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
Freedom of speech - the power or right to express one's opinions without censorship, restraint, or legal penalty.
Intervene - to alter the current course of events.
Mark Duggan - Mark Duggan was a member of a gang known for violence and drug dealing, a claim which has been disputed by his family and friends - he was shot by police, which was a major cause of the 2011 England riots.
Riot - a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd.
Media framing - defines how news media coverage shapes mass opinion.
Denotation - refers to something literal - the simple view of something.
Connotation - deeper levels of meaning - for example, blue is a colour, but it is also a word used to describe a feeling of sadness.
Explicit - leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
Implicit - suggested though not directly expressed.
Deface - to spoil the surface or appearance of something.
Lawless- not obedient to laws.
Reckless - doing something dangerous and not worrying about the risks and the possible results
Edward Colston - was an English merchant, slave trader, philanthropist, and Tory Member of Parliament in the 1600’s.
Trans-Atlantic - concerning countries on both sides of the Atlantic, typically Britain and the US.
Acquitted - to free someone from a criminal charge by a verdict of not guilty.
Critical thinking - the analysis of something to form a judgement.
Illegitimate - not in accordance with accepted standards or rules.
Demonise - to portray as wicked or threatening.
Indicative - serving as a sign of something.
