1.
Covid-19 - an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment, though it can also be fatal.
Econometrics - the use of mathematical methods (especially statistics) in describing economic systems.
Economic development - the process in which an economy grows or changes and becomes more advanced.
Economic growth - an increase in the amount of goods and services produced per person in the population, over a period of time.
Economics - the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth.
Industrialisation - the process of transforming the economy of a country or region from a focus on farming (agriculture) to a reliance on factory production (manufacturing).
Macroeconomics - the part of economics concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates or national activity.
Microeconomics - the part of economics concerned with single factors and the effects of individual decisions.
National economy - the economy of a nation as a whole.
Natural disasters - a natural event such as a flood, earthquake, or hurricane that causes great damage or loss of life.
Political economy - the study of how economic and political systems are linked.
Poverty - the state of being extremely poor.
Stock market - where buyers and sellers meet to exchange equity shares (long-term investments in a company) of public corporations.
Theory - a well-supported explanation for how something works.
Vaccine - a type of medicine that trains the body's immune system so that it can fight a disease it has not come into contact with before.
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British Empire - all the places around the world that were once ruled by Britain. They included large areas of North America, Australia, New Zealand, Asia and Africa, as well as small parts of Central and South America, too.
Climate Change - a change in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Colonialism - when one country gains control of another, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically.
Critical thinking - the analysis of something to form a judgement, drawing on existing knowledge and experience, as well as your problem-solving skills to do things like compare and contrast, explain why things happen, evaluate ideas and form opinions.
Development aid - assistance given to address ongoing issues contributing to human suffering.
Foreign aid - money, food, or other resources given or lent by one country to another.
Humanitarian aid - assistance given to relieve human suffering during an emergency.
Income - money earned by a person, company, government, etc.
Industrial products - products used in business and industry, rather than ones used by consumers.
Infrastructure - the basic physical and organisational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise - e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies.
Judicial/Justice System - the part of a government that interprets legislation and enforces the law.
Natural resources - materials or substances occurring in nature which can be exploited for economic gain - eg. metals, minerals, fossil fuels, trees.
Policymaker - a person responsible for or involved in formulating policies, especially in politics.
Sub-Saharan Africa - geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara desert.
Tax haven - a country or independent area where taxes are at a low rate.
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Epidemic - a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
Global economy - the economies of the world's individual countries considered together as a single economic system.
Global South - a broad term to refer to countries which are considered to have low levels of economic and industrial development, and and are typically located to the south of more industrialised nations. They are often treated as less politically and culturally significant in the global system and include countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania.
HIV - short for human immunodeficiency viruses, which are viruses that over time weaken the immune system and make a person highly vulnerable to other infections. An mild infection in someone with a healthy immune system can be fatal for someone with a weakened immune system.
Hypothesis - a proposed idea about how something works.
Labour - work, especially physical work.
LGBTQ+ - stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer plus more gender identities. In use since the 1990s, it is an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity.
Racial equality - a situation in which people of all races are treated fairly.
Trade unions - an organised group of workers, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
4.
Concept - a thought, idea or notion.
Global North - a term to refer to countries characterised by a high level of economic and industrial development, typically located to the north of less industrialised countries. They have the most political and cultural power in the global system and include countries in North America, Europe, and Australia.
Pandemic - an outbreak of a disease across a whole country, or the whole world.
Pharmaceutical - relating to medicinal drugs, their preparation, use, or sale.
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